/* GIMP - The GNU Image Manipulation Program * Copyright (C) 1995 Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis * * gimpspinscale.c * Copyright (C) 2010 Michael Natterer * 2012 Øyvind Kolås * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program. If not, see . */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H # include "config.h" #endif #include #include #include #include "gimpspinscale.h" enum { PROP_0, PROP_LABEL, PROP_FOCUS_WIDGET }; typedef enum { TARGET_NUMBER, TARGET_UPPER, TARGET_LOWER, TARGET_NONE } SpinScaleTarget; typedef enum { APPEARANCE_FULL = 1, /* Full size suitable for tablets */ APPEARANCE_COMPACT, /* Compact, suitable for desktops with mouse control */ } SpinScaleAppearance; typedef struct _GimpSpinScalePrivate GimpSpinScalePrivate; struct _GimpSpinScalePrivate { gchar *label; gboolean scale_limits_set; gdouble scale_lower; gdouble scale_upper; gdouble gamma; PangoLayout *layout; gboolean changing_value; gboolean relative_change; gdouble start_x; gdouble start_value; GtkWidget* focusWidget; gboolean transferFocus; SpinScaleAppearance appearanceMode; }; #define GET_PRIVATE(obj) (G_TYPE_INSTANCE_GET_PRIVATE ((obj), \ GIMP_TYPE_SPIN_SCALE, \ GimpSpinScalePrivate)) static void gimp_spin_scale_dispose (GObject *object); static void gimp_spin_scale_finalize (GObject *object); static void gimp_spin_scale_set_property (GObject *object, guint property_id, const GValue *value, GParamSpec *pspec); static void gimp_spin_scale_get_property (GObject *object, guint property_id, GValue *value, GParamSpec *pspec); static void gimp_spin_scale_style_set (GtkWidget *widget, GtkStyle *prev_style); static void gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_width (GtkWidget *widget, gint *minimum_width, gint *natural_width); static void gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_height (GtkWidget *widget, gint *minimum_width, gint *natural_width); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_draw (GtkWidget *widget, cairo_t *cr); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_button_press (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_button_release (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_motion_notify (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventMotion *event); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_leave_notify (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventCrossing *event); static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_keypress( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event); static void gimp_spin_scale_defocus( GtkSpinButton *spin_button ); static void gimp_spin_scale_value_changed (GtkSpinButton *spin_button); G_DEFINE_TYPE (GimpSpinScale, gimp_spin_scale, GTK_TYPE_SPIN_BUTTON); #define parent_class gimp_spin_scale_parent_class static void gimp_spin_scale_class_init (GimpSpinScaleClass *klass) { GObjectClass *object_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass); GtkWidgetClass *widget_class = GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (klass); GtkSpinButtonClass *spin_button_class = GTK_SPIN_BUTTON_CLASS (klass); object_class->dispose = gimp_spin_scale_dispose; object_class->finalize = gimp_spin_scale_finalize; object_class->set_property = gimp_spin_scale_set_property; object_class->get_property = gimp_spin_scale_get_property; widget_class->style_set = gimp_spin_scale_style_set; widget_class->get_preferred_width = gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_width; widget_class->get_preferred_height = gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_height; widget_class->draw = gimp_spin_scale_draw; widget_class->button_press_event = gimp_spin_scale_button_press; widget_class->button_release_event = gimp_spin_scale_button_release; widget_class->motion_notify_event = gimp_spin_scale_motion_notify; widget_class->leave_notify_event = gimp_spin_scale_leave_notify; widget_class->key_press_event = gimp_spin_scale_keypress; spin_button_class->value_changed = gimp_spin_scale_value_changed; g_object_class_install_property (object_class, PROP_LABEL, g_param_spec_string ("label", NULL, NULL, NULL, G_PARAM_READWRITE)); g_type_class_add_private (klass, sizeof (GimpSpinScalePrivate)); } static void gimp_spin_scale_init (GimpSpinScale *scale) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); gtk_widget_add_events (GTK_WIDGET (scale), GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK | GDK_BUTTON_RELEASE_MASK | GDK_POINTER_MOTION_MASK | GDK_BUTTON1_MOTION_MASK | GDK_LEAVE_NOTIFY_MASK); gtk_entry_set_alignment (GTK_ENTRY (scale), 1.0); gtk_spin_button_set_numeric (GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (scale), TRUE); private->gamma = 1.0; private->focusWidget = NULL; private->transferFocus = FALSE; private->appearanceMode = APPEARANCE_COMPACT; } static void gimp_spin_scale_dispose (GObject *object) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (object); if (private->layout) { g_object_unref (private->layout); private->layout = NULL; } G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->dispose (object); } static void gimp_spin_scale_finalize (GObject *object) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (object); if (private->label) { g_free (private->label); private->label = NULL; } G_OBJECT_CLASS (parent_class)->finalize (object); } static void gimp_spin_scale_set_property (GObject *object, guint property_id, const GValue *value, GParamSpec *pspec) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (object); GimpSpinScale *scale = GIMP_SPIN_SCALE (object); switch (property_id) { case PROP_LABEL: gimp_spin_scale_set_label (scale, g_value_get_string (value)); break; case PROP_FOCUS_WIDGET: { /* TODO unhook prior */ private->focusWidget = GTK_WIDGET (g_value_get_pointer (value)); } break; default: G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, property_id, pspec); break; } } static void gimp_spin_scale_get_property (GObject *object, guint property_id, GValue *value, GParamSpec *pspec) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (object); GimpSpinScale *scale = GIMP_SPIN_SCALE (object); switch (property_id) { case PROP_LABEL: g_value_set_string (value, gimp_spin_scale_get_label (scale)); break; case PROP_FOCUS_WIDGET: g_value_set_pointer (value, private->focusWidget); break; default: G_OBJECT_WARN_INVALID_PROPERTY_ID (object, property_id, pspec); break; } } void gimp_spin_scale_set_focuswidget( GtkWidget *scale, GtkWidget* widget ) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); /* TODO unhook prior */ private->focusWidget = widget; } void gimp_spin_scale_set_appearance( GtkWidget *widget, const gchar *appearance) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); if ( strcmp("full", appearance) == 0 ) { private->appearanceMode = APPEARANCE_FULL; } else if ( strcmp("compact", appearance) == 0 ) { private->appearanceMode = APPEARANCE_COMPACT; } } static void gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_width (GtkWidget *widget, gint *minimum_width, gint *natural_width) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); PangoContext *context = gtk_widget_get_pango_context (widget); PangoFontMetrics *metrics; GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->get_preferred_width (widget, minimum_width, natural_width); metrics = pango_context_get_metrics (context, pango_context_get_font_description (context), pango_context_get_language (context)); if (private->label) { gint char_width; gint digit_width; gint char_pixels; char_width = pango_font_metrics_get_approximate_char_width (metrics); digit_width = pango_font_metrics_get_approximate_digit_width (metrics); char_pixels = PANGO_PIXELS (MAX (char_width, digit_width)); /* ~3 chars for the ellipse */ *minimum_width += char_pixels * 3; *natural_width += char_pixels * 3; } pango_font_metrics_unref (metrics); } static void gimp_spin_scale_get_preferred_height (GtkWidget *widget, gint *minimum_height, gint *natural_height) { PangoContext *context = gtk_widget_get_pango_context (widget); PangoFontMetrics *metrics; //gint height; GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->get_preferred_height (widget, minimum_height, natural_height); metrics = pango_context_get_metrics (context, pango_context_get_font_description (context), pango_context_get_language (context)); //height = PANGO_PIXELS (pango_font_metrics_get_ascent (metrics) + // pango_font_metrics_get_descent (metrics)); *minimum_height += 1; *natural_height += 1; pango_font_metrics_unref (metrics); } static void gimp_spin_scale_style_set (GtkWidget *widget, GtkStyle *prev_style) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->style_set (widget, prev_style); if (private->layout) { g_object_unref (private->layout); private->layout = NULL; } } static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_draw (GtkWidget *widget, cairo_t *cr) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); GtkStyleContext *style = gtk_widget_get_style_context(widget); GtkAllocation allocation; GdkRGBA color; cairo_save (cr); GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->draw (widget, cr); cairo_restore (cr); gtk_widget_get_allocation (widget, &allocation); cairo_set_line_width (cr, 1.0); if (private->label) { GdkRectangle text_area; gint minimum_width; gint natural_width; PangoRectangle logical; gint layout_offset_x; gint layout_offset_y; GtkStateFlags state; GdkRGBA text_color; GdkRGBA bar_text_color; gdouble progress_fraction; gint progress_x; gint progress_y; gint progress_width; gint progress_height; gtk_entry_get_text_area (GTK_ENTRY (widget), &text_area); GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->get_preferred_width (widget, &minimum_width, &natural_width); if (! private->layout) { private->layout = gtk_widget_create_pango_layout (widget, private->label); pango_layout_set_ellipsize (private->layout, PANGO_ELLIPSIZE_END); } pango_layout_set_width (private->layout, PANGO_SCALE * (allocation.width - minimum_width)); pango_layout_get_pixel_extents (private->layout, NULL, &logical); gtk_entry_get_layout_offsets (GTK_ENTRY (widget), NULL, &layout_offset_y); if (gtk_widget_get_direction (widget) == GTK_TEXT_DIR_RTL) layout_offset_x = text_area.x + text_area.width - logical.width - 4; else layout_offset_x = 4; layout_offset_x -= logical.x; state = gtk_widget_get_state_flags (widget); gtk_style_context_get_color (style, state, &text_color); gtk_style_context_save (style); gtk_style_context_add_class (style, GTK_STYLE_CLASS_PROGRESSBAR); gtk_style_context_get_color (style, state, &bar_text_color); gtk_style_context_restore (style); progress_fraction = gtk_entry_get_progress_fraction (GTK_ENTRY (widget)); if (gtk_widget_get_direction (widget) == GTK_TEXT_DIR_RTL) { progress_fraction = 1.0 - progress_fraction; progress_x = text_area.width * progress_fraction; progress_y = 0; progress_width = text_area.width - progress_x; progress_height = text_area.height; } else { progress_x = 0; progress_y = 0; progress_width = text_area.width * progress_fraction; progress_height = text_area.height; } cairo_save (cr); cairo_set_fill_rule (cr, CAIRO_FILL_RULE_EVEN_ODD); cairo_rectangle (cr, 0, 0, text_area.width, text_area.height); cairo_rectangle (cr, progress_x, progress_y, progress_width, progress_height); cairo_clip (cr); cairo_set_fill_rule (cr, CAIRO_FILL_RULE_WINDING); cairo_move_to (cr, layout_offset_x, text_area.y + layout_offset_y-3); gdk_cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, &text_color); pango_cairo_show_layout (cr, private->layout); cairo_restore (cr); cairo_rectangle (cr, progress_x, progress_y, progress_width, progress_height); cairo_clip (cr); cairo_move_to (cr, layout_offset_x, text_area.y + layout_offset_y-3); gdk_cairo_set_source_rgba (cr, &bar_text_color); pango_cairo_show_layout (cr, private->layout); } return FALSE; } /* Returns TRUE if a translation should be done */ static gboolean gtk_widget_get_translation_to_window (GtkWidget *widget, GdkWindow *window, int *x, int *y) { GdkWindow *w, *widget_window; if (!gtk_widget_get_has_window (widget)) { GtkAllocation allocation; gtk_widget_get_allocation (widget, &allocation); *x = -allocation.x; *y = -allocation.y; } else { *x = 0; *y = 0; } widget_window = gtk_widget_get_window (widget); for (w = window; w && w != widget_window; w = gdk_window_get_parent (w)) { int wx, wy; gdk_window_get_position (w, &wx, &wy); *x += wx; *y += wy; } if (w == NULL) { *x = 0; *y = 0; return FALSE; } return TRUE; } static void gimp_spin_scale_event_to_widget_coords (GtkWidget *widget, GdkWindow *window, gdouble event_x, gdouble event_y, gint *widget_x, gint *widget_y) { gint tx, ty; if (gtk_widget_get_translation_to_window (widget, window, &tx, &ty)) { event_x += tx; event_y += ty; } *widget_x = event_x; *widget_y = event_y; } static SpinScaleTarget gimp_spin_scale_get_target (GtkWidget *widget, gdouble x, gdouble y) { GtkAllocation allocation; PangoRectangle logical; gint layout_x; gint layout_y; gtk_widget_get_allocation (widget, &allocation); gtk_entry_get_layout_offsets (GTK_ENTRY (widget), &layout_x, &layout_y); pango_layout_get_pixel_extents (gtk_entry_get_layout (GTK_ENTRY (widget)), NULL, &logical); GdkRectangle text_area; gtk_entry_get_text_area (GTK_ENTRY (widget), &text_area); if (x >= text_area.x && x < text_area.width && y >= text_area.y && y < text_area.height) { x -= text_area.x; y -= text_area.y; if (x > layout_x && x < layout_x + logical.width && y > layout_y && y < layout_y + logical.height) { return TARGET_NUMBER; } else if (y > text_area.height / 2) { return TARGET_LOWER; } return TARGET_UPPER; } return TARGET_NONE; } static void gimp_spin_scale_get_limits (GimpSpinScale *scale, gdouble *lower, gdouble *upper) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); if (private->scale_limits_set) { *lower = private->scale_lower; *upper = private->scale_upper; } else { GtkSpinButton *spin_button = GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (scale); GtkAdjustment *adjustment = gtk_spin_button_get_adjustment (spin_button); *lower = gtk_adjustment_get_lower (adjustment); *upper = gtk_adjustment_get_upper (adjustment); } } static void gimp_spin_scale_change_value (GtkWidget *widget, gdouble x) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); GtkSpinButton *spin_button = GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (widget); GtkAdjustment *adjustment = gtk_spin_button_get_adjustment (spin_button); gdouble lower; gdouble upper; gdouble value; GdkRectangle text_area; gtk_entry_get_text_area (GTK_ENTRY (widget), &text_area); gimp_spin_scale_get_limits (GIMP_SPIN_SCALE (widget), &lower, &upper); if (gtk_widget_get_direction (widget) == GTK_TEXT_DIR_RTL) x = text_area.width - x; if (private->relative_change) { gdouble diff; gdouble step; step = (upper - lower) / text_area.width / 10.0; if (gtk_widget_get_direction (widget) == GTK_TEXT_DIR_RTL) diff = x - (text_area.width - private->start_x); else diff = x - private->start_x; value = (private->start_value + diff * step); } else { gdouble fraction; fraction = x / (gdouble) text_area.width; if (fraction > 0.0) fraction = pow (fraction, private->gamma); value = fraction * (upper - lower) + lower; } gtk_adjustment_set_value (adjustment, value); } static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_button_press (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); private->changing_value = FALSE; private->relative_change = FALSE; gint x, y; gimp_spin_scale_event_to_widget_coords (widget, event->window, event->x, event->y, &x, &y); switch (gimp_spin_scale_get_target (widget, x, y)) { case TARGET_UPPER: private->changing_value = TRUE; gtk_widget_grab_focus (widget); gimp_spin_scale_change_value (widget, x); return TRUE; case TARGET_LOWER: private->changing_value = TRUE; gtk_widget_grab_focus (widget); private->relative_change = TRUE; private->start_x = x; private->start_value = gtk_adjustment_get_value (gtk_spin_button_get_adjustment (GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (widget))); return TRUE; default: break; } return GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->button_press_event (widget, event); } static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_button_release (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventButton *event) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); gint x, y; gimp_spin_scale_event_to_widget_coords (widget, event->window, event->x, event->y, &x, &y); if (private->changing_value) { private->changing_value = FALSE; gimp_spin_scale_change_value (widget, x); return TRUE; } return GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->button_release_event (widget, event); } static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_motion_notify (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventMotion *event) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); gdk_event_request_motions (event); gint x, y; gimp_spin_scale_event_to_widget_coords (widget, event->window, event->x, event->y, &x, &y); if (private->changing_value) { gimp_spin_scale_change_value (widget, x); return TRUE; } GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->motion_notify_event (widget, event); if (! (event->state & (GDK_BUTTON1_MASK | GDK_BUTTON2_MASK | GDK_BUTTON3_MASK)) ) { GdkDisplay *display = gtk_widget_get_display (widget); GdkCursor *cursor = NULL; switch (gimp_spin_scale_get_target (widget, x, y)) { case TARGET_NUMBER: cursor = gdk_cursor_new_for_display (display, GDK_XTERM); break; case TARGET_UPPER: cursor = gdk_cursor_new_for_display (display, GDK_SB_UP_ARROW); break; case TARGET_LOWER: cursor = gdk_cursor_new_for_display (display, GDK_SB_H_DOUBLE_ARROW); break; default: break; } if (cursor) { gdk_window_set_cursor (event->window, cursor); g_object_unref (cursor); } } return FALSE; } static gboolean gimp_spin_scale_leave_notify (GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventCrossing *event) { gdk_window_set_cursor (event->window, NULL); return GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->leave_notify_event (widget, event); } gboolean gimp_spin_scale_keypress( GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (widget); guint key = 0; gdk_keymap_translate_keyboard_state( gdk_keymap_get_for_display( gdk_display_get_default() ), event->hardware_keycode, (GdkModifierType)event->state, 0, &key, 0, 0, 0 ); switch ( key ) { case GDK_KEY_Escape: case GDK_KEY_Return: case GDK_KEY_KP_Enter: { private->transferFocus = TRUE; gimp_spin_scale_defocus( GTK_SPIN_BUTTON(widget) ); } break; } return GTK_WIDGET_CLASS (parent_class)->key_press_event (widget, event); } static void gimp_spin_scale_defocus( GtkSpinButton *spin_button ) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (spin_button); if ( private->transferFocus ) { if ( private->focusWidget ) { gtk_widget_grab_focus( private->focusWidget ); } } } static void gimp_spin_scale_value_changed (GtkSpinButton *spin_button) { GtkAdjustment *adjustment = gtk_spin_button_get_adjustment (spin_button); GimpSpinScalePrivate *private = GET_PRIVATE (spin_button); gdouble lower; gdouble upper; gdouble value; gimp_spin_scale_get_limits (GIMP_SPIN_SCALE (spin_button), &lower, &upper); value = CLAMP (gtk_adjustment_get_value (adjustment), lower, upper); gtk_entry_set_progress_fraction (GTK_ENTRY (spin_button), pow ((value - lower) / (upper - lower), 1.0 / private->gamma)); // TODO - Allow scrollwheel to change value then return focus, // but clicks/keypress should keep focus in the control //if ( gtk_widget_has_focus( GTK_WIDGET(spin_button) ) ) { // gimp_spin_scale_defocus( spin_button ); //} } /* public functions */ GtkWidget * gimp_spin_scale_new (GtkAdjustment *adjustment, const gchar *label, gint digits) { g_return_val_if_fail (GTK_IS_ADJUSTMENT (adjustment), NULL); return g_object_new (GIMP_TYPE_SPIN_SCALE, "adjustment", adjustment, "label", label, "digits", digits, NULL); } void gimp_spin_scale_set_label (GimpSpinScale *scale, const gchar *label) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private; g_return_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale)); private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); if (label == private->label) return; g_free (private->label); private->label = g_strdup (label); if (private->layout) { g_object_unref (private->layout); private->layout = NULL; } gtk_widget_queue_resize (GTK_WIDGET (scale)); g_object_notify (G_OBJECT (scale), "label"); } const gchar * gimp_spin_scale_get_label (GimpSpinScale *scale) { g_return_val_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale), NULL); return GET_PRIVATE (scale)->label; } void gimp_spin_scale_set_scale_limits (GimpSpinScale *scale, gdouble lower, gdouble upper) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private; GtkSpinButton *spin_button; GtkAdjustment *adjustment; g_return_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale)); private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); spin_button = GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (scale); adjustment = gtk_spin_button_get_adjustment (spin_button); g_return_if_fail (lower >= gtk_adjustment_get_lower (adjustment)); g_return_if_fail (upper <= gtk_adjustment_get_upper (adjustment)); private->scale_limits_set = TRUE; private->scale_lower = lower; private->scale_upper = upper; private->gamma = 1.0; gimp_spin_scale_value_changed (spin_button); } void gimp_spin_scale_unset_scale_limits (GimpSpinScale *scale) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private; g_return_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale)); private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); private->scale_limits_set = FALSE; private->scale_lower = 0.0; private->scale_upper = 0.0; gimp_spin_scale_value_changed (GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (scale)); } gboolean gimp_spin_scale_get_scale_limits (GimpSpinScale *scale, gdouble *lower, gdouble *upper) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private; g_return_val_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale), FALSE); private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); if (lower) *lower = private->scale_lower; if (upper) *upper = private->scale_upper; return private->scale_limits_set; } void gimp_spin_scale_set_gamma (GimpSpinScale *scale, gdouble gamma) { GimpSpinScalePrivate *private; g_return_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale)); private = GET_PRIVATE (scale); private->gamma = gamma; gimp_spin_scale_value_changed (GTK_SPIN_BUTTON (scale)); } gdouble gimp_spin_scale_get_gamma (GimpSpinScale *scale) { g_return_val_if_fail (GIMP_IS_SPIN_SCALE (scale), 1.0); return GET_PRIVATE(scale)->gamma; }