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  <text id="text2191" opacity="0.5" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" line-height="125%" font-weight="normal" xml:space="preserve" transform="matrix(0,1,-1,0,0,0)" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-size="6.96932268px" font-variant="normal" y="-326.81229" x="3.6203015" font-family="Sans" sodipodi:linespacing="125%" fill="#000000"><tspan id="tspan2193" sodipodi:role="line" x="3.6203015" style="letter-spacing:0.29056421;" y="-326.81229">Используйте для прокрутки <tspan id="tspan2195" font-weight="bold">Ctrl+стрелка вниз</tspan></tspan></text>
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  <tspan id="tspan1668" style="letter-spacing:2.1813099;" dx="0 -0.57057059 0 0 0 0 0" fill="#ffffff">::ПРОДВИНУТЫЙ КУРС</tspan>
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bulia byak, buliabyak@users.sf.net и Josh Andler, scislac@users.sf.net
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В этом уроке рассказывается о том, как копировать и вставлять объекты, изменять узлы, рисовать произвольные линии и кривые Безье, производить логические операции с контурами, упрощать их и работать с инструментом набора текста.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Используйте <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+стрелки</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">колесо мыши</flowSpan> или <flowSpan font-weight="bold">перемещение с нажатой средней клавишей мыши</flowSpan> для просмотра текста. Для получения начальных знаний о создании объектов их выделении и изменении их форм, смотрите урок «Основы» в меню <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Справка &gt; Учебник</flowSpan>.</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="154.71874400000002" x="10">Способы вставки</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">После того как вы скопируете какой-нибудь объект, используя <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+C</flowSpan> (здесь и далее буквы в клавиатурных комбинациях латинские), или вырежете при помощи <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+X</flowSpan>, обычная команда «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+V</flowSpan>) вставит скопированный объект(ы) точно под курсор мыши или, если курсор находится за пределами окна, в центр документа. Вместе с тем, находящийся в буфере обмена объект «помнит» свое исходное местоположение. Благодаря этому его можно вставить обратно, используя команду «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить на место</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+V</flowSpan>).</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Команда «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить стиль</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+V</flowSpan>) применяет стиль (первого) объекта из буфера к выбранному в данным момент объекту или группе объектов. Стиль включает в себя заливку, обводку и параметры шрифта, но не размер и не параметры фигуры (такие как количество вершин в звезде и т.п.).</flowDiv>
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   <use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e69"/>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Еще одна группа команд, «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить размер</flowSpan>», масштабирует выделение до его совпадения с размером скопированного объекта. Доступны следующие команды: «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить размер</flowSpan>», «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить ширину</flowSpan>», «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить высоту</flowSpan>», «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить размер раздельно</flowSpan>», «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить ширину раздельно</flowSpan>» и «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить высоту раздельно</flowSpan>».</flowDiv>
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  <flowRegion>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Команда «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить размер</flowSpan>» подгоняет размер выделения под размер скопированного объекта (или объектов). Команда «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вставить ширину/высоту</flowSpan>» масштабирует всё выделение по горизонтали или вертикали до совпадения с шириной или высотой скопированного объекта (объектов). Эти команды учитывают фактор запертости соотношения сторон в панели настроек инструмента выделения (между полями Ш и В). Поэтому, когда соотношение сторон заперто, выбранный объект масштабируется с сохранением пропорций; в противном случае вторая сторона не меняется. Команды, содержащие в названии «раздельно», работают точно так же с той лишь разницей, что каждый объект масштабируется отдельно до совпадения с размером/шириной/высотой объекта (объектов) в буфере обмена.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В Inkscape используется системный буфер обмена, поэтому вы можете переносить объекты как между разными копиями Inkscape, так и из Inkscape в другое приложение и обратно (при условии, что это другое приложение поддерживает SVG в буфере обмена).</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="601.5315039999999" x="10">Рисование произвольных линий и кривых Безье</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Простейший путь создать произвольную фигуру — нарисовать ее при помощи Карандаша («Рисовать произвольные контуры» в меню слева (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F6</flowSpan>)):</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Если хотите получить более правильные фигуры, используйте Перо (инструмент «Рисовать кривые Безье и прямые линии» в меню слева (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+F6</flowSpan>)):</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">При использовании Пера каждый <flowSpan font-weight="bold">щелчок</flowSpan> (короткое нажатие левой кнопки мыши) создает острый узел без возможности управлять изгибом (без узлов управления). Таким образом, серия щелчков создает последовательность из прямых отрезков линии. <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Щелчок и смещение</flowSpan> создаёт гладкий узел Безье с двумя узлами управления, лежащими на одной линии, но направленными в разные стороны. Нажмите <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> при перемещении узла управления, чтобы крутить только один рычаг и зафиксировать другой. Кроме того, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> ограничивает поворот рычагов шагами по 15 градусов. Нажатие <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Enter</flowSpan> заканчивает линию, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Esc</flowSpan> отменяет ее. Для отмены только последнего сегмента незаконченной линии нажмите <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Backspace</flowSpan>.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В обоих рассмотренных инструментах выбранный контур содержит маленькие квадратики, <flowSpan font-style="italic">якоря</flowSpan>, на обоих концах контура. Они позволяют <flowSpan font-style="italic">продолжить</flowSpan> этот контур (рисуя от одного из якорей) или <flowSpan font-style="italic">закрыть</flowSpan> контур (рисуя от якоря до якоря).</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="1107.5588369999998" x="10">Редактирование контуров</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В отличие от фигур, созданных инструментами фигур, Перо и Карандаш создают так называемые <flowSpan font-style="italic">контуры</flowSpan>. Контур — это последовательность отрезков прямых линий, и/или кривых Безье, которая как и любой другой объект в Inkscape может иметь собственные параметры заливик и обводки. В отличие от фигур контур может свободно редактироваться смещением любого из его узлов (а не только предустановленных рычагов) или перетаскиванием его сегмента. Выберите этот контур и включите инструмент редактирования узлов (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F2</flowSpan>):</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы увидите несколько серых квадратов на контуре — <flowSpan font-style="italic">узлов</flowSpan>. Эти узлы могут быть <flowSpan font-style="italic">выбраны</flowSpan> разными способами: <flowSpan font-weight="bold">щелчком мыши</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+щелчок</flowSpan> или тянущимся <flowSpan font-weight="bold">выделением</flowSpan> — точно так же, как объекты выделяются обычным инструментом выделения. Вы также можете щелкнуть сегмент контура для автоматического выбора соседних узлов. Выбранные узлы становятся выделенными и показывают свои <flowSpan font-style="italic">рычаги</flowSpan> — один или два кружка, соединенных с выбранным узлом отрезком прямой линии. Клавиша <flowSpan font-weight="bold">!</flowSpan> обращает выделение узлов в текущем субконтуре (или субконтурах) (т.е. субконтурах с как минимум одним выбранным узлом); <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+!</flowSpan> обращает весь контур.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Контуры редактируются <flowSpan font-weight="bold">перетаскиванием</flowSpan> своих узлов и рычагов управления. (Попробуйте подвигать узлы и рычаги узлов у пути что выше.) <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl</flowSpan> работает обычно ограничителем в движении и повороте. Кнопки <flowSpan font-weight="bold">стрелок</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Tab</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">[</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">]</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">&lt;</flowSpan>, <flowSpan font-weight="bold">&gt;</flowSpan> и их модификаторы, все работают так же как и с инструментом выделения, но вместо объектов применяются к узлам. Вы можете вставлять узлы в любую часть контура двойным щелчком мышью или комбинацией клавиш <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+щелчок</flowSpan> в нужной точке контура.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы можете стирать узлы нажатием <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Del</flowSpan> или <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+Click</flowSpan>. При удалении узлов программа попытается сохранить фигуру контура. Если вы этого не хотите, используйте комбинацию <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Del</flowSpan>. Кроме того, вы можете продублировать выбранные узлы (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+D</flowSpan>). Контур можно разорвать на месте выбранного узла (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+B</flowSpan>), а разбив, соединить обратно, выбрав концы контура и нажав <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+J</flowSpan>.</flowDiv>
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   <use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e282"/>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Каждый узел может быть <flowSpan font-style="italic">острым</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+C</flowSpan>) — это значит, что оба рычага узла могут двигаться под любым углом независимо друг от друга; <flowSpan font-style="italic">сглаженным</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+S</flowSpan>) — это значит, что рычаги узла всегда находятся на прямой линии и взаимно зависимы при повороте; <flowSpan font-style="italic">симметричным</flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Y</flowSpan>) — почти то же самое, что и сглаженные рычаги, но эти рычаги еще и одинаковой длины. При смене типа узла вы можете сохранить позицию одного из двух рычагов, держа над ним курсор мыши, так что только один рычаг поворачивается/масштабируется до совпадения.</flowDiv>
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  <flowRegion>
   <use y="0" x="0" xlink:href="#d0e303"/>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Вы также можете <flowSpan font-style="italic">втягивать</flowSpan> рычаги в узел при помощи комбинации <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+щелчок</flowSpan>на рычаге. Если рычаги у двух соседних узлов втянуты, этот сегмент пути будет отрезком прямой линии. Чтобы вытащить рычаги наружу, нужно нажать <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> и потянуть рычаг в сторону от узла.</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="1761.6953299999998" x="10">Субконтуры и их объединение</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Объект контура может состоять из более чем одного <flowSpan font-style="italic">субконтура (subpath)</flowSpan>. Субконтур — это последовательность соединенных друг с другом узлов. (Поэтому если у контура больше одного субконтура, то не все узлы контура соединены друг с другом.) Внизу слева контур состоит из трех субконтуров, такие же три субконтура справа являются независимыми объектами — контурами:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Но контур, состоящий из субконтуров, не является группой объектов. Это один объект, выделяемый как целое. Если выбрать верхний правый объект и включить инструмент правки узлов (F2), узлы отобразятся на всех трех субконтурах. Справа же можно редактировать только один из контуров.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape может <flowSpan font-family="Sans">объединять</flowSpan> контуры в составной контур (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+K</flowSpan>) и <flowSpan font-family="Sans">разбить</flowSpan> составной контур на отдельные контуры (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+K</flowSpan>). Опробуйте эти команды на приведенных выше примерах. Поскольку параметры заливки и обводки у объекта индивидуальны,  новообъединенный контур берет параметры первого объекта из объединения (нижнего по оси Z).</flowDiv>
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  <flowRegion>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Когда объединяются перекрывающие друг друга контуры с заливкой, в местах перекрытия заливка исчезает:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Это простейший способ создавать объекты с дырками внутри. Более мощные команды по работе с контурами описаны чуть ниже в разделе «Логические операции».</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="2227.423877" x="10">Оконтуривание (преобразование в контур)</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Любая фигура или текстовый объект могут быть <flowSpan font-style="italic">преобразованы в контур (оконтурены) </flowSpan> (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>). Это операция не меняет видимость объекта, но меняет все его специфические свойства (т.е. вы не можете округлить углы прямоугольника или редактировать текст); зато теперь вам доступно редактирование их узлов. Ниже изображены две звезды: левая является фигурой, в то время как правая преобразована в контур. Переключитесь на инструмент редактирования узлов и, выбрав объекты, сравните их возможности:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Кроме того, вы можете преобразовывать в контур <flowSpan font-style="italic">обводку</flowSpan> любого объекта. Первый объект внизу — просто контур (без заливки с черной обводкой), второй же — результат действия команды Оконтурить обводку (результат —  черная заливка без обводки):</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="2544.0988970000003" x="10">Логические операции</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Команды в меню «Контур» позволяют вам объединять два и более объектов, используя <flowSpan font-style="italic">логические операции</flowSpan>:</flowDiv>
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 <flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Короткие имена этих операций ссылаются на арифметические аналоги булевых действий (сумма, разность и т.п.). Команды «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Разность</flowSpan>» и «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Исключающее ИЛИ</flowSpan>» могут применяться только к двум выбранным объектам; другие могут применяться к любому количеству объектов. Получаемый объект всегда использует параметры стиля (заливки и обводки) нижнего объекта.</flowDiv>
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 <flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Использование команды «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Исключающее ИЛИ</flowSpan>» выглядит похожим на команду «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Объединить</flowSpan>» (см. выше), но разница заключается в том, что «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Исключающее ИЛИ</flowSpan>» добавляет узлы в местах пересечения изначальных контуров. Разница между командами «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Разделить</flowSpan>» и «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Разрезать контур</flowSpan>» состоит в том, что первая разрезает целостность нижнего объекта контуром верхнего объекта, в то время как вторая режет только обводку нижнего объекта и убирает заливку (это удобно для разрезания обводок незалитых объектов).</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="2994.3842950000003" x="10">Втягивание и вытягивание</tspan>
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 <flowRoot style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;text-align:start;" font-weight="normal" font-size="8" font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-variant="normal" font-family="Serif" line-height="133.00000%" fill="#000000">
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape может сжимать и растягивать фигуры не только меняя их размер, но и при помощи <flowSpan font-style="italic">смещения</flowSpan> контура объекта, т.е. смещая их перпендикулярно контуру в каждой точке. Соответствующие команды называются «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Втянуть</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+(</flowSpan>) и «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вытянуть</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+)</flowSpan>). На рисунке ниже в качестве примера изображён изначальный контур (красный) и несколько вытянутых и втянутых копий:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Сами команды «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Втянуть</flowSpan>» и «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Вытянуть</flowSpan>» просто создают контуры (преобразуя изначальный объект в путь если он не является таковым). Чаще более удобным является использование команды «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Динамическая втяжка</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+J</flowSpan>). Эта команда создает объект с рычагом (узел как у обычных фигур), который контролирует расстояние смещения. Чтобы понять, что к чему, выберите нижний объект, переключитесь на инструмент редактирования узлов и подвигайте рычаг:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Подобный объект с <flowSpan font-style="italic">динамической втяжкой</flowSpan> запоминает изначальный контур, так что не бойтесь — он не «поломается» от ваших смещений. Если вам больше не нужно, чтобы объект был корректируем, вы всегда можете преобразовать его обратно в контур.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Ещё одна удобная команда — это «<flowSpan font-style="italic">Связанная втяжка</flowSpan>», которая схожа с динамической, но отличается тем, что связанные контуры остаются редактируемыми. Вы можете иметь сколь угодно большое количество связанных втяжек от одного исходного контура. Ниже показан контур-источник (красный), одна из привязанных втяжек имеет черную обводку без заливки, другая — черную заливку без обводки.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Выберите красный объект и подвигайте его узлы; понаблюдайте за реакцией привязанных объектов. Теперь выберите один из привязанных объектов и подвигайте рычаг. В заключение обратите внимание на поведение привязанных объектов в момент редактирования источника и на то, что раздельное редактирование привязанных объектов оставляет их привязанными к источнику.</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="3774.243663" x="10">Упрощение</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Основное применение команды «<flowSpan font-family="Sans">Упрощение</flowSpan>» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan>) — это сокращение количества узлов у контура при сохранении его исходной фигуры (<flowSpan font-style="italic">по возможности</flowSpan>). Это может быть полезным для контуров, созданных карандашом, так как Карандаш иногда создаёт слишком много узлов. Левая фигура на нижнем рисунке создана при помощи карандаша (F6), а правая — это копия левой с последующим упрощением. У исходного контура было 28 узлов, в то время как упрощенный контур глаже и содержит всего 17 узлов (это упрощает работу с объектом при редактировании узлов).</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Количество упрощений (так называемый <flowSpan font-style="italic">порог</flowSpan>) зависит от размера выделения. Следовательно, если вы выберите путь одновременно с большим объектом, то контур будет упрощаться резче, нежели если бы он был выбран один. Более того, команда <flowSpan font-family="Sans">Упрощение</flowSpan><flowSpan font-style="italic">ускоряемая</flowSpan>. Это значит, что если быстро (быстро — это раз в полсекунды) нажимать <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+L</flowSpan> несколько раз подряд, порог упрощения увеличится. (После небольшой паузы порог упрощения вернется в изначальное значение). С использованием этого ускорения очень легко получить необходимое упрощение в каждом конкретном случае.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Помимо сглаживания карандашных линий <flowSpan font-family="Sans">упрощение</flowSpan> может быть использовано для разных творческих эффектов. Зачастую угловатая фигура выигрывает от небольшого упрощения, приобретая более жизненную форму за счёт натурального искажения, сглаживающего острые углы и создающего когда стильный, а когда и просто забавный эффект. Ниже как раз приведен пример, в котором картинка после <flowSpan font-family="Sans">упрощения</flowSpan> выглядит значительно лучше:</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="4327.552393" x="10">Создание текста</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Inkscape умеет создавать длинные и сложные тексты, но также прекрасно подходит для создания маленьких текстовых объектов, вроде баннеров, логотипов, диаграмм, этикеток, заголовков и т.п. Этот раздел урока дает начальные знания о возможностях инструмента для работы с текстом.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Создать текстовый объект так же легко, как выбрать инструмент для работы с ним (кнопка слева «Создавать и править текстовые объекты (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">F8</flowSpan>)»). Щелкните любую область документа и введите текст. Есть два способа изменить шрифт, его стиль, размер и наклон. Первый, наиболее очевидный — выделить текст и изменить его параметры через панель настроек инструмента Текст. Второй — открыть диалог «Текст и шрифт» (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+T</flowSpan>). В этом диалоге есть вкладка «Текст» в которой вы можете редактировать выбранный текст. Иногда это удобнее, чем редактировать его в рамке на холсте (заслуживает отдельного внимания то, что в этом окне работает автоматическая проверка орфографии).</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Как и другие инструменты, инструмент для работы с текстом может выбирать объекты своего типа, т.е. текстовые объекты. Так что увидев текстовый объект, вы можете просто щелкнуть его текстовым инструментом и начать изменять текст (например, этот самый абзац).</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Одно из самых обыкновенных действий в текстовом дизайне  — это регулирование расстояния между буквами и линиями. В Inkscape для этого есть горячие клавиши. В момент редактирования текста нажатие <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> и <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+&gt;</flowSpan> изменит <flowSpan font-style="italic">межсимвольный интервал</flowSpan> на этой линии текстового объекта, так что длина линии изменится на один пиксел этого масштаба (как и при работе с обычными выделениями, эти кнопки отвечают за попиксельное изменение размера). Как правило, если кегль шрифта больше изначального, небольшое сужение расстояния между буквами украсит внешний вид документа. Вот пример:</flowDiv>
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 <text id="advanced-f14-ru.svgtext2315" style="writing-mode:lr-tb;text-anchor:start;" font-weight="normal" xml:space="preserve" transform="translate(10, 4709.907306) " font-style="normal" font-stretch="normal" font-size="33.599998" font-variant="normal" y="33.29771" x="60.780251" font-family="Bitstream Vera Serif" fill="#000000"><tspan id="advanced-f14-ru.svgtspan1604">Вдохновение</tspan></text>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Суженный вариант выглядит немного лучше, но по прежнему не идеально: межсимвольное расстояние не одинаково, например буквы &quot;a&quot; и &quot;t&quot; слишком далеки друг от друга, в то время как &quot;t&quot; и &quot;i&quot; слишком близки. Количество подобных изъянов (особенно заметных при больших кеглях шрифта) больше у шрифтов низкого качества, нежели чем у шрифтов высокого качества. Но, честно говоря, в любом тексте с любым шрифтом вы, вероятно, найдете пары букв, кернинг которых можно было бы улучшить.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В Inkscape вносить подобные коррекции действительно просто. Поместите курсор текстового инструмента между раздражающими символами и используйте <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+стрелки</flowSpan> для смещения букв справа от курсора. Ниже показан тот же заголовок, но уже с ручной коррекцией:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">В дополнение к горизонтальному смещению символов комбинациями <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+левая стрелка</flowSpan> или <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+правая стрелка</flowSpan> вы также можете смещать символы по вертикали комбинациями <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+верхняя стрелка</flowSpan> или <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Alt+нижняя стрелка</flowSpan>:</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Конечно, вы можете преобразовать свой текст в контур (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+C</flowSpan>) и передвигать буквы как обычные объекты контура. Но разумнее оставлять текст текстом: он будет редактируемым, вы сможете сменить шрифт, не теряя заданный вручную кернинг, да и сам текст занимает меньше места в сохранённом файле. Единственный минус состоит в том, что необходимо иметь исходный шрифт в каждой системе, где этот документ SVG будет открыт.</flowDiv>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Подобно регулированию межсимвольного интервала вы можете регулировать <flowSpan font-style="italic">межстрочный интервал</flowSpan> в многострочных текстовых объектах. Опробуйте комбинации клавиш <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&lt;</flowSpan> и <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Ctrl+Alt+&gt;</flowSpan> на любом из абзацев этого учебника. Заметим, что от каждого нажатия общая длина текстового объекта меняется на один пиксел этого масштаба. Как и при обычном выделении, нажатие <flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift</flowSpan> с комбинацией клавиш, меняющих межстрочный или межсимвольный интервалы, увеличивает смещение в 10 раз.</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="5320.396944" x="10">Редактор XML</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Самый мощный инструмент Inkscape — это XML-редактор (<flowSpan font-weight="bold">Shift+Ctrl+X</flowSpan>). Он полностью отображает XML-дерево документа, всегда отражая реальное состояние. Вы можете редактировать свои рисунки и смотреть на изменения в дереве XML. Более того, вы можете редактировать любой текст, элемент или атрибут узла в XML-редакторе и видеть результат действий на холсте. Это лучший инструмент, какой только можно представить для интерактивного изучения SVG, и он позволяет выполнять такие хитрости, которые не сделать обычными инструментами для редактирования.</flowDiv>
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  <tspan y="5451.918844" x="10">Заключение</tspan>
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  <flowDiv xml:space="preserve">Этот учебник рассказал лишь о малой части возможностей Inkscape. Мы надеемся, что чтение было увлекательным. Не бойтесь экспериментировать и показывать свои работы. Пожалуйста, заходите на <flowSpan font-weight="bold" font-family="Sans">www.inkscape.org</flowSpan> за дополнительной информацией, свежими версиями программы и помощью сообщества пользователей и разработчиков.</flowDiv>
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