rename articles to research

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diff --git a/root/articles/realities/description: text$plain b/root/articles/realities/description: text$plain
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-exploring the nesting relationships of virtual and other realities
diff --git a/root/articles/realities/text$moonscript -> mmm$component.moon b/root/articles/realities/text$moonscript -> mmm$component.moon
deleted file mode 100644
index a7dc365..0000000
--- a/root/articles/realities/text$moonscript -> mmm$component.moon
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,542 +0,0 @@
-import elements from require 'mmm.component'
-import h1, h2, p, a, i, div, ol, li, br, hr, span, button, section, article from elements
-
-_content = div!
-append = _content\append
-
-if MODE == 'SERVER'
-  export ^
-  class Diagram
-    style = {
-      display: 'inline-block',
-      width: '150px',
-      height: '80px',
-      'line-height': '80px',
-      color: '#fff',
-      background: '#666',
-    }
-
-    @id = 1
-    new: (@func) =>
-      @id = "diagram-#{@@id}"
-      @@id += 1
-
-    render: =>
-      rplc = with div id: @id, :style
-        \append '(diagram goes here)'
-        -- \append "<script type=\"text/lua\">
-        --   local rplc = js.global.document:getElementById('#{@id}');
-        --   local fn = #{compile @func}
-        --   diag = Diagram(fn)
-        --   rplc.parentNode:replaceChild(diag.node, rplc)
-        -- </script>"
-      rplc\render!
-
-if MODE == 'CLIENT'
-  export ^
-  export o
-  eval = js.global\eval
-  GRID_W = 50
-  GRID_H = 40
-
-  SVG =
-    doc: eval "(function() { return SVG(document.createElement('svg')); })",
-    G: eval "(function() { return new SVG.G(); })",
-  setmetatable SVG, __call: => @doc!
-
-  o = do
-    mkobj = eval "(function () { return {}; })"
-    (tbl) ->
-      with obj = mkobj!
-        for k,v in pairs(tbl)
-          obj[k] = v
-
-  class Diagram
-    new: (f) =>
-      @svg = SVG!
-      @arrows = SVG.G!
-      @width, @height = 0, 0
-      @y = 0
-
-      f @
-
-    txtattr = o {
-      fill: 'white',
-      'font-size': '14px',
-      'text-anchor': 'middle',
-    }
-    block: (color, label, h=1) =>
-      @svg\add with SVG.G!
-        with \rect GRID_W, h * GRID_H
-          \attr o fill: color
-        if label
-          with \plain label
-            \move GRID_W/2, 0
-            \attr txtattr
-
-        \move @width * GRID_W, (@y + h) * -GRID_H
-      @y += h
-      if @y > @height
-        @height = @y
-
-    arrattr = o {
-      fill: 'white',
-      'font-size': '18px',
-      'text-anchor': 'middle',
-    }
-    arrow: (char, x, y) =>
-      with @arrows\plain char
-        \attr arrattr
-        \move (x + 1) * GRID_W, (y - 0.5) * -GRID_H - 11
-
-    -- inout: (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '⇋', x, y      -- U+21CB
-    -- inn:   (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '↼', x, y+0.25 -- U+21BC
-    -- out:   (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '⇁', x, y-0.25 -- U+21C1
-    inout: (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '⇆', x, y      -- U+21C6
-    inn:   (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '←', x, y+0.25 -- U+2190
-    out:   (x=@width, y=@y) => @arrow '→', x, y-0.25 -- U+2192
-
-    mind: (label='mind', ...) => @block '#fac710', label, ...
-    phys: (label='phys', ...) => @block '#8fd13f', label, ...
-    digi: (label='digi', ...) => @block '#9510ac', label, ...
-
-    next: =>
-      @y = 0
-      @width += 1
-
-    finish: =>
-      return if @node
-      @svg\add @arrows
-
-      @width += 1
-      w, h = @width * GRID_W, @height * GRID_H
-
-      l = GRID_W / 6.5
-      @svg\add with @svg\line 0, -GRID_H, w, -GRID_H
-        \stroke o width: 2, color: '#ffffff', dasharray: "#{l}, #{l}"
-
-      @svg\size w, h
-      @svg\viewbox 0, -h, w, h
-      @node = @svg.node
-
-addlabel = (label, diagram) ->
-  with div style: { display: 'inline-block', margin: '20px', 'text-align': 'center' }
-    \append diagram
-    \append div label
-
-figures = do
-  style =
-    display: 'flex'
-    'align-items': 'flex-end'
-    'justify-content': 'space-evenly'
-  (...) -> div { :style, ... }
-
-sources = do
-  short = => "#{@id} #{@year}"
-  long = => @names, " (#{@year}): ", (i @title), ", #{@published}"
-  {
-    {
-      id: 'Milgram',
-      title: 'Augmented Reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum',
-      published: 'in SPIE Vol. 2351',
-      names: 'P. Milgram, H. Takemura, A. Utsumi, F. Kishino',
-      year: 1994
-      :long, :short,
-    },
-    {
-      id: 'Marsh',
-      title: 'Nested Immersion: Describing and Classifying Augmented Virtual Reality',
-      published: 'IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2015',
-      names: 'W. Marsh, F. Mérienne',
-      year: 2015
-      :long, :short,
-    },
-    {
-      id: 'Billinghurst',
-      title: 'The MagicBook: a transitional AR interface',
-      published: 'in Computer & Graphics 25',
-      names: 'M. Billinghurst, H. Kato, I. Poupyrev',
-      year: 2001,
-      :long, :short,
-    },
-    {
-      id: 'Matrix',
-       title: 'The Matrix',
-       year: 1999,
-       names: 'L. Wachowski, A. Wachowski',
-       long: => @names, " (#{@year}): ", (i @title), " (movie)"
-       short: => tostring @year
-    },
-    {
-      id: 'Naam',
-      title: 'Nexus',
-      published: 'Angry Robot (novel)',
-      names: 'R. Naam',
-      year: 2012,
-      :long, :short,
-    }
-  }
-
-ref = do
-  fmt = (id) ->
-
-    local src
-    for _src in *sources
-      if _src.id == id
-        src = _src
-        break
-
-    if src
-      a { src\short!, href: "##{src.id}" }
-    else
-      span id
-
-  ref = (...) ->
-    refs = { ... }
-    with span "(", fmt refs[1]
-      for i=2, #refs
-        \append ", "
-        \append fmt refs[i]
-      \append ")"
-
-references = ->
-  with ol!
-    for src in *sources
-      \append li { id: src.id, src\long! }
-
-sect = (label) ->
-  with section style: 'page-break-inside': 'avoid'
-    \append h2 label
-
-append with article style: { margin: 'auto', 'max-width': '750px' }
-  \append div 'Sol Bekic', style: 'text-align': 'right'
-
-  \append h1 {
-    style: { 'text-align': 'center', 'font-size': '2em' },
-    "Reality Stacks",
-    div "a Taxonomy for Multi-Reality Experiences", style: 'font-size': '0.6em'
-  }
-
-  \append with sect "Abstract"
-    \append p "With the development of mixed-reality experiences and the corresponding interface devices
-      multiple frameworks for classification of these experiences have been proposed. However these past
-      attempts have mostly been developed alongside and with the intent of capturing specific projects ",
-      (ref 'Marsh', 'Billinghurst'), " or are nevertheless very focused on existing methods and technologies ",
-      (ref 'Milgram'), ". The existing taxonomies also all assume physical reality as a fixpoint and constant and are
-      thereby not suited to describe many fictional mixed-reality environments and altered states of consciousness.
-      In this paper we describe a new model for describing such experiences and examplify it's use with currently
-      existing as well as idealized  technologies from popular culture."
-
-  \append with sect "Terminology"
-    \append p "We propose the following terms and definitions that will be used extensively for the remainder of the paper:"
-    for definition in *{
-      { "layer of reality": "a closed system consisting of a world model and a set of rules or dynamics operating on and
-        constraining said model." },
-      { "world model": "describes a world state containing objects, agents and/or concepts on an arbitrary abstraction level." },
-      '------',
-      { "reality stack": "structure consisting of all layers of reality encoding an agent's interaction with his environment
-        in their world model at a given moment, as well as all layers supporting these respectively." },
-      '------',
-      { "physical reality": "layer of reality defined by physical matter and the physical laws acting upon it.
-        While the emergent phenomena of micro- and macro physics as well as layers of social existence etc. may be seen
-        as separate layers, for the purpose of this paper we will group these together under the term of physical reality." },
-      { "mental reality": "layer of reality perceived and processed by the brain of a human agent." },
-      { "digital reality": "layer of reality created and simulated by a digital system, e.g. a virtual reality game." },
-      { "phys, mind, digi": "abbreviations for physical, mental and digital reality respectively." },
-    }
-      if 'string' == type definition
-        \append hr!
-        continue
-      \append with div style: { 'margin-left': '2rem' }
-        term = next definition
-        \append span term, style: {
-          display: 'inline-block',
-          'margin-left': '-2rem',
-          'font-weight': 'bold',
-          'min-width': '140px'
-        }
-        \append span definition[term]
-
-  \append with sect "Introduction"
-    \append p "We identify two different types of relationships between layers in multi-reality environments.
-      The first is layer nesting. Layer nesting describes how some layers are contained in other layers; i.e. they exist
-      within and can be represented fully by the parent layer's world model and the child layer's rules emerge natively from
-      the parent layer's dynamics. Layer nesting is visualized on the vertical axis in the following diagrams.
-      For each layer of reality on the bottom of the diagram the nested parent layers can be found by tracing a line upwards
-      to the top of the diagram. Following a materialistic point of view, physical reality therefore must completely encompass
-      the top of each diagram."
-
-    \append p "The second type of relationship describes the information flow between a subject and the layers of reality
-      the subject is immersed in. In a multi-reality experience the subject has access to multiple layers of reality and
-      their corresponding world models simultaneously.", br!,
-      "Depending on the specific experience, different types of and directions for information exchange
-      can exist between these layers and the subject's internal representation of the experience.
-      For the sake of this paper we distinguish only between ", (i "input"), " and ", (i "output"), " data flow (from the
-      perspective of the subject); categorized loosely as information the subject receives from the environment
-      (", (i "input"), ", e.g. visual stimuli) and actions the subject can take to influence the state of the world model
-      (", (i "output"), ", e.g. motor actions) respectively."
-
-    \append p "In the following diagrams, information flow is visualized horizontally, in the region below the dashed line
-      at the bottom of the diagram. The subject's internal mental model and layer of reality are placed on the bottom left
-      side of the diagram.
-      The layers of reality that the subject experiences directly and that mirror it's internal representations are placed
-      on the far right. There may be multiple layers of reality sharing this space, visualized as a vertical stack of
-      layers. Since the subject must necessarily have a complete internal model of the multi-reality experience around
-      him to feel immersed, the subject's mental layer of reality must span the full height of all the layers visible
-      on the right side of the diagram.", br!,
-      "Information flow itself is now visualized concretely using arrows that cross layer boundaries in the lower part of
-      the diagram as described above. Arrows pointing leftwards denote ", (i "input"), " flow, whilst arrows pointing
-      rightwards denote ", (i "output"), "-directed information flow. In some cases information doesn't flow directly
-      between the layers the subject is directly aware of and the subject's internal representation and instead
-      traverses ", (i "intermediate layers"), " first."
-
-    \append p "Before we take a look at some reality stacks corresponding to current VR and AR technology,
-      we can take a look at waking life as a baseline stack. To illustrate the format of the diagram we will compare it
-      to the stack corresponding to a dreaming state:"
-
-    \append with figures!
-      \append addlabel "Waking Life", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout!
-        @phys!
-
-        @next!
-        @phys '', 2
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "Dreaming", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @phys!
-        @finish!
-
-    \append p "In both cases, the top of the diagram is fully occupied by the physical layer of reality, colored in green.
-      This is due to the fact that, according to the materialistic theory of mind, human consciousness owes its existance
-      to the physical and chemical dynamics of neurons in our brains. Therefore our mental reality must be considered
-      fully embedded in the physical reality, and consequently it may only appear underneath it in the diagram."
-
-    \append p "During waking life, we concern ourselves mostly with the physical reality surrounding us.
-      For this reason the physical reality is placed in the lower right corner of the diagram as the layer holding the
-      external world model relevant to the subject. Information flows in both directions between the physical world model
-      and the subject's mental model, as denoted by the two white arrows: Information about the state of the world model
-      enter the subjects mind via the senses (top arrow, pointing leftwards), and choices the subject makes inside of and
-      based on his mental model can feed back into the physical layer through movements (lower arrow, pointing rightwards)."
-
-    \append p "In the dreaming state on the other hand, the subject is unaware of the physical layer of reality, though
-      the mind remains embedded inside it. When dreaming, subjects' mental models don't depend on external models, hence
-      the mental layer of reality must be the only layer along the bottom of the diagram."
-
-  \append with sect "Current Technologies"
-    \append p "Since recent technological advancements have enabled the development of VR and AR consumer devices,
-      AR and VR have been established as the potential next frontier of digital entertainment.", br!,
-      "As the names imply, the notion of reality is at the core of both technologies.
-      In the following section we will take a look at the respective stacks of both experience types:"
-
-    \append with figures!
-      \append addlabel "VR", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @phys!
-        @inout nil, 1
-
-        @next!
-        @phys '', 2
-        @inout nil, 1
-
-        @next!
-        @digi!
-        @phys ''
-        @finish!
-
-
-      \append addlabel "AR", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout nil, 1.25
-        @inn nil, 0.5
-        @phys!
-
-        @next!
-        @phys '', 2
-        @inn nil, .5
-
-        @next!
-        @digi nil, .5
-        @phys '', 1.5
-        @finish!
-
-    \append p "In both cases we find the physical layer of reality as an ", (i "intermediate layer"), " between the mental
-      and digital layers. Actions taken by the subject have to be acted out physically (corresponding to the
-      information traversing the barrier between mental and physical reality) before they can be again digitized using
-      the various tracking and input technologies (which in turn carry the information across the boundary of the physical
-      and digital spaces)."
-
-    \append p "The difference between AR and VR lies in the fact that in AR the subject experiences a mixture of the
-      digital and physical world models. This can be seen in the diagram, where we find that right of the diagram origin
-      and the mental model, the diagram splits and terminates in both layers: while information reaches the subject both
-      from the digital reality through the physical one, as well as directly from the physical reality, the subject only
-      directly manipulates state in the physical reality."
-
-    \append p "The data conversions necessary at layer boundaries incur at the least losses in quality and accuracy of
-      information for purely technical reasons. However ", (i "intermediate layers"), " come at a cost larger than just
-      an additional step of conversion:
-      For information to flow through a layer, it must be encodable within that layer’s world model.
-      This means that the 'weakest link' in a given reality stack determines the upper bound of information possible to
-      encode within said stack and thereby limits the overall expressivity of the stack.", br!,
-      "As a practical example we can consider creating an hypothetical VR application that allows users to traverse a
-      large virtual space by flying. While the human mind is perfectly capable of imagining to fly and control the motion
-      appropriately, it is extremely hard to devise and implement a satisfying setup and control scheme because the
-      physical body of the user needs to be taken into account and it, unlike the corresponding representations in the
-      mental and digital world models, cannot float around freely."
-
-  \append with sect "Future Developments"
-    \append p "In the previous section we found that the presence of the physical layer in the information path of
-      VR and AR stacks limits the experience as a whole. It follows that the removal of that indirection should be
-      an obvious goal for future developments:"
-
-    \append figures addlabel "holy grail of VR: 'The Matrix'", Diagram =>
-      @mind!
-      @inout!
-      @phys!
-
-      @next!
-      @digi!
-      @phys ''
-      @finish!
-
-    \append p "In the action movie 'The Matrix' ", (ref 'Matrix'), ", users of the titular VR environment interface with it
-      by plugging cables into implanted sockets that connect the simulation directly to their central nervous system.", br!,
-      "While these cables and implanted devices are physical devices, they don't constitute the presence of the 
-      physical layer of reality in the information path because while they do transmit information, the information
-      remains in either the encoding of the mental model (neural firing patterns) or the encoding of the digital model
-      (e.g. a numeric encoding of a player character's movement in digital space) and the conversion is made directly
-      between those two - the data never assumes the native encoding of the physical layer (e.g. as a physical motion)."
-
-    \append p "While we are currently far from being able to read arbitrary high-level information from the brain
-      or to synthesize sensual input in human perception by bypassing the sensory organs, brain-computer interfaces (BCI)
-      are a very active area of research with high hopes for comparable achievements in the near future."
-
-    \append p "Applying this same step of removing the physical layer of reality from AR, we end up with something similar
-      to the nano-particle drug in ", (i "Nexus"), " ", (ref 'Naam'), ".  However this does not grant the user a similar
-      amount of control over his experience as the holy grail of VR does, since the user and the physical part of the
-      environment remain bound by the physical layer of reality's laws.", br!,
-      "Instead the holy grail of AR is reached with the creation of a god machine that can manipulate the state of the
-      physical world according to the user's wishes. In this way the digital and physical realities become unified and
-      fully 'augmented'."
-
-    \append with figures!
-      \append addlabel "'Nexus'", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout nil, 0.75
-        @inout nil, 1.25
-        @phys!
-
-        @next!
-        @digi nil, .5
-        @phys '', 1.5
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "holy grail of AR: 'Deus Machina'", Diagram =>
-        col = '#92807c'
-
-        @mind!
-        @inout!
-        @block col, ''
-
-        @next!
-        @block col, '', 2
-        @svg\plain('phys + digi')\attr(o fill: 'white', 'font-size': '14px')\move 6, -2 * GRID_H
-        @finish!
-
-    \append p "Despite the similarities of VR and AR, the two can be considered polar opposites, as becomes evident when
-      we compare their respective utopian implementations: they share the goal of allowing us to experience realities
-      different from the one we naturally inhabit, but while VR seeks to accomplish this by creating a new, nested reality
-      inside ours, thus giving us full control over it.
-      AR, on the other hand, is instead an attempt to retrofit our specific needs directly into the very reality we exist
-      in.", br!,
-      "This is in direct contrast with the popular notion of the 'reality-virtuality continuum' ", (ref 'Milgram'), ":
-      the reality-virtuality continuum places common reality and VR (virtuality) as the two extreme poles, while AR
-      is represented as an intermediate state between the two. Here however we propose to view instead AR and VR as the
-      respective poles and find instead reality at the centerpoint, where the two opposing influences 'cancel out'."
-
-  \append with sect "Conclusion and Further Work"
-    \append p "In this paper we have proposed a taxonomy and visualization style for multi-reality experiences, as well
-      as demonstrated it's flexibility by applying them as examples. Through the application of the proposed theory,
-      we have also gained a new and contrasting view on preceding work such as the reality-virtuality-continuum.
-      We have also found that the taxonomy can be used outside the research field of media studies and its use may extend
-      as far as philosophy of consciousness (see Appendix below)."
-
-    \append p "Further research could enhance the proposed theory with better and more concrete definitions.
-      In the future, the proposed taxonomy might be used to create a more extensive and complete classification
-      of reality stacks and to analyse the relationships between them."
-
-  \append with sect 'References'
-    \append references!
-
-  \append with sect "Appendix: Relation to Theories of Mind"
-    \append p "This paper starts from a deeply materialistic point of view that borders on microphysicalism.
-      However it should be noted that the diagram style introduced above lends itself also to display other
-      philosophical theories of mind. As an example, the following graphics show a typical VR stack as interpreted by
-      Materialism, Cartesian Dualism and Solipsism respectively:"
-
-    \append with figures!
-      \append addlabel "VR in Materialism", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout nil, 1
-        @phys!
-
-        @next!
-        @phys '', 2
-        @inout nil, 1
-
-        @next!
-        @digi!
-        @phys ''
-
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "VR in Solipsism", Diagram =>
-        @mind nil, 2
-        @inout nil, 1
-
-        @next!
-        @digi!
-        @mind ''
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "VR in Cartesian Dualism", Diagram =>
-        @mind nil, 2
-        @inout nil, 1
-        @next!
-
-        @phys nil, 2
-        @inout nil, 1
-        @next!
-
-        @digi!
-        @phys ''
-        @finish!
-
-    \append p "However these philosophical theories of minds also constitute reality stacks by themselves and as such can
-      be compared directly:"
-
-    \append with figures!
-      \append addlabel "Materialism", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout!
-        @phys!
-
-        @next!
-        @phys '', 2
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "Solipsism", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @finish!
-
-      \append addlabel "Cartesian Dualism", Diagram =>
-        @mind!
-        @inout!
-        @next!
-
-        @phys!
-        @finish!
-
-_content